11 Pros and Cons of Using Movies in Class

Showing a film in class may engage students, but engagement cannot be the only reason for showing movies in the classroom. Teachers must understand that the planning for viewing a film is what makes it an  effective learning experience for any grade level. Before planning, however, a teacher must first review the schools policy on the use of film in class. School Policies There are film ratings that schools may adopt for movies shown in class. Here are a general set of guidelines that could be used: G-rated films: No signed permission form is necessary.PG-rated films: A signed parental permission form is required for students under age 13. At the elementary school level, the principal will ask a committee to review the use of the film prior to granting permission.PG-13-rated films: A signed parental permission form is required for students under age 14. No use of PG-13 films is typically allowed at an elementary school level. In a middle school, the principal will ask a committee to review the use of the film prior to granting permission.  R-rated: A signed parental permission form is required for all students. The principal will ask a committee to review the film before granting permission. Film clips are preferred for R-rated films. No use of R-rated films is typically allowed in middle or elementary schools. After checking on the film policy, teachers design the resources for the film to determine how it fits in a unit with other lesson plans. There may be a worksheet to be completed as the movie is being watched that also provides the students with specific information. There may be a plan to stop the film and discuss specific moments. Film as Text The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (CCSS) identify a  film as a text, and there are standards specific to the use of film in order to compare and contrast texts. For example, one ELA standard for Grade 8 states: Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by the director or actors.   There is a similar ELA standard for grades 11-12 Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist). The CCSS encourage the use of film for higher levels of Blooms Taxonomy including analysis or synthesis. Resources There are websites dedicated to helping teachers create effective lesson plans for use with film. One major consideration is the use of film clips as opposed to an entire film. A well-chosen 10-minute clip from a film should be more than adequate to launch a meaningful discussion. Pros of Using Movies in Class Movies can extend the learning beyond the textbook. Sometimes, a movie can really help students get a feel for an era or an event. For example, if you are  a STEM teacher,  you might want to show a clip from the movie ​Hidden Figures  that  highlights the contributions of black women to the space program of the 1960s.Movies can be used as a pre-teaching or interest-building exercise. Adding a movie can build interest in a topic that is being learned while providing a small break from normal classroom activities.Movies can be used to address additional learning styles.  Presenting information in numerous ways can be the key to helping students understand topics. For example, having students watch the movie Separate But Equal can help them understand the reason behind the court case Brown v. Board of Education beyond what they can read in a textbook or hear in a lecture.Movies can provide teachable moments. Sometimes, a movie can include moments that go beyond what you are teaching in a lesson and allow you to highlight other important topics. For example, the movie Gandhi provides information that can help students to discuss world religions, imperialism, non-violent protest, personal freedoms, rights and responsibilities, gender relations, India as a country, and so much more.Movies can be scheduled on days when students could be unfocused.  In day-to-day teaching, there will be days when students will be focused more on their homecoming dance and the big game that night, or on the holiday that starts the next day, rather than on the topic of the day. While there is no excuse to show a non-educational movie, this could be a good time to watch something that complements the topic you are teaching. Cons of Using Movies in the Classroom   Movies can sometimes be very long. A showing of a film such as  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Schindlers List  with every 10th grade class (with their parents permission, of course) will take an entire week of classroom time. Even a short movie can take up two to three days of classroom time. Further, it can be difficult if different classes have to start and stop at different points in a movie.The educational part of the film may only be a small portion of the overall movie. There may be only a few parts of the movie that would be appropriate for the classroom setting and truly provide an educational benefit. In these cases, it is best to just show the clips if you feel that they truly add to the lesson you are teaching.The movie may not be completely historically accurate.  Movies often play with historical facts to make a better story. Therefore, it is important to point out the historical inaccuracies or students will believe that they are true. If done properly, pointing out the issues with a movie can provide good teachable moments for students.Films do not teach themselves. Showing a movie such as Glory, without putting it in the  historical context  of African-Americans and their role in the Civil War or providing feedback throughout the movie is little better than using the television as a babysitter for your children.There is a perception that watching movies is a bad method of teaching. That is why it is key that if movies are part of a curriculum units resources that they are selected purposefully and that there are properly-created lessons that highlight the information the students are learning. You do not want to get a reputation as the teacher who shows full-length movies which serve little to no purpose, other than as a reward within the classroom setting.Parents might object to specific content within a movie. Be upfront and list the films you will show during the school year. If there are any concerns at all about a movie, send home permission slips for students to return. Include the parents to talk about any concerns they might have before the showing. If a student is not allowed to watch the movie, there should be work to complete in the library while you are showing it to the rest of the class. Movies can be an effective tool for teachers to use with students. The key to success is to choose wisely and create lesson plans that are effective in making the film a learning experience.   Source English Language Arts Standards  » Reading: Literature  » Grade 11-12  » 7. Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2019. English Language Arts Standards  » Reading: Literature  » Grade 8. Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2019. Hidden Figures – Curriculum Discussion Guides. Journeys in Film, April 10, 2017.

Violence Satire Essay - 541 Words

What has our society come to these days? Everywhere we look, violence is present, at the streets, at work, at school, and even at home. Every day in the news we see reports about shootings, wars, thefts, drugs, rapes, and deaths. The worse part of seen this in the news is that all way do it’s complain about it and sit back. We do not even attempt an explanation or a resolution. Violence is among one of the most malignant act that has been increasing day by day. And why is it that we complain about other people being violent, but when we are asked if we are violent or if we have ever responded with violence, everyone says they are not violent. But if among ourselves we are not violent then who is it that makes our society a violent society?†¦show more content†¦Video games also play a big role on promoting violence. Even though most adults don’t play video games, our children do. And if we let our children play violent video games, wouldn’t you say that t hey are going to become violent? Kids learn by their surroundings. So playing a video game that teaches them about punching and kicking others they will do the same with their friends at school. And then we ask ourselves why the kid next door took a gun to school and shot his best friends? Kids that grow in an environment surrounded by violence also become violent. If a kid sees his dad hitting his mom he/ she will thing that it is ok to hit others. And they will imitate that behavior. Parents who punch and yelled at their children are only setting up a pattern. And violence only brings more violence. Kids should grow in an environment where they are treated with respect and with love. So television and video games should be banned! Our form of entertainment should be a good table game, or playing a sport like soccer, basketball and so on. 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Swift’s daring dark and social satire and dark irony to make a statement in this literary work triggered the minds of the rich Englishmen and Irish landlords to question their actions towards the poor Irish people. By giving a drop of horror and barbarity sarcastically, Swift was able to attack the practices of those who were seated in power and exploited the rights of the impoverishedRead MoreThe Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, by Sherman Alexie1475 Words   |  6 Pagesrefrigerator and reply in a humorous tone, Alexie is successful in mirroring the issue of poverty, or the bitter reality, on the reservation. This point can also be supported by Stephen F. Evans’s essay, Open con tainers: Sherman Alexies Drunken Indians,† in which Evans discusses Alexie’s use of satire and irony in his stories and poems. 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Fleetwood Mac free essay sample

If you didnt get to see the Fleetwood Mac reunion tour, you dont know what you missed. The Mac is back with old favorites and a few new songs just for this tour. On November 27, 1997, yes, Thanksgiving, The Mac took over and rocked Madison Square Garden in New York City. Stevie Nicks wore her black widow dress and played her tambourine. Christine MacVie was on keyboards and piano, John MacVie was on bass, and Lindsay Buckingham was on guitar and banjo, showing what he was made of. Last but not least, Mick Fleetwood was wild on drums and varied percussion instruments, including an electric vest which had electric pads and was plugged into the speakers. The crowd was dancing and singing along to such songs as Silver Spring, Rhiannon, Tusk, and Dont Stop. The sound was blasting and the bass was up so that you could feel it in your stomach. We will write a custom essay sample on Fleetwood Mac or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the Fleetwood Mac reunion tour comes to your neighborhood, definitely get tickets. Even though theyre a little older than some bands, they put on a great and exciting show. Its nonstop rock and roll for the whole family to enjoy. .

Meat Industry In Australia Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Meat Industry In Australia. Answer: Introduction Australia is widely recognized as one of the worlds largest producers of the commercial livestock and also a leader in the exportation of the red meat. Currently, the countrys off farm meat industry ranges at A$ 17 billion(Meat Livestock Australia Limited, 2016). The meat sector in the country can be further classified into the cattle industry, sheep industry, and the goat industry. The cattle industry in Australia involves 58% of all the agricultural activity(Barbour, et al., 2017). Approximately two hundred thousand people are employed in the red meat industry. Australian Meat Industry Overview Australia is the sixth large consumer of the beef in the world. In the year 2015-2016 meat sector contributed 25 percent of all the agricultural products in the country. In the same year domestic consumption per person averaged 25 kilograms per person. Besides, beef is the second most popular fresh meat consumed in the country after the chicken. In 2016-2017 Australia exported 74 percent of its total beef(Meat Livestock Australia Limited, 2016). The consumption of sheep meat in Australia ranged at $110 billion in the year 2015-2016. Australians are among the highest sheep meat consumers in the world and in the year 2015-2016 alone each person consumed an average of 10.2 kilograms. Apart from domestic consumption, Australia is ranked as the largest exporter of the sheep meat in the world(Meat Livestock Australia Limited, 2016). On the other side, Australians are also goat meat consumers. However, the Australian continent is a small producer of the goat meat but one of the largest goat meat producer. Its two major markets are the Taiwan and the United States. Besides, Taiwan and the United States, Australia can also export its goat meat in China, Pakistan, and Japan. The three countries are the largest goat meat consumers, but they are neither largest importers nor exporters(Limited, 2016). In 2015-2016 the goat meat export amounted to A$258 million. The above data analysis describes the nature of the meat industry in Australia. It also gives the reader some of the potential opportunities that can be available for the meat producers in the country. In the following discussion, this report will use the above data as well as other information from different sources to highlight opportunities and challenges that accrue this sector. Opportunities From the above data, it is clear that Australians are the largest consumers of the beef, mutton and goat meat in the world. Secondly, the country produces the three types of meat in large quantities creating a surplus in that, in turn, is exported to the foreign markets. Therefore, the meat sector in Australia has both domestic market and international market as they major areas where the producers can use opportunities for growth. Diversification of Exports Australian export its meat almost in every corner of the world. Bearing in mind that it faces competition from other meat producing countries it is important for the meat sector to diversify its meat products. The meat producers in Australia can diversify their exports through exporting fresh meat, the canned meat and refrigerated meat. Besides, the producers can also convert meat into other products that can act as supplement of the meat. For example, the producers can dry the meat, grind and pack it into boxes to be exported in the international market. This will increase the companymarketing opportunities in the global arena. Entering into Economic Partnership Agreement with other Countries Australian meat processors through the federal government can benefit from the economic integration with other nations. For example, Japan, China, Malaysia, and the USA are some of the largest consumers of the Australian meat products(Barbour et al., 2017). Therefore, entering into an economic agreement with these countries before the competitors will give the meat producers in Australia an opportunity to expand their businesses in the international market. Integrating Australians Meat Eating Culture with high Quality Eating From the earlier data provided in this report it evident that the Australians are the largest consumers of the meat in the world(Fowler, 2016). Associating this culture with high quality meat eating means that the producers will brand their products appropriately and the consumers will be willing to pay high. As a result, the meat producers will realize a higher profit. This is untapped opportunity that Australian meat producers should focus on utilizing. High Demand for the Premium Quality Meat Currently, there is a huge demand for the quality meat. Australia has been exporting meat in the international market for over sixty years. This has enabled the country to enhance its reputation as one of the largest and best meet exporters. Besides, there is expected growth in the demand for meat in the international market to 376 million tons by 2030(Dearin, 2015). This gives Australian meat producers an opportunity to improve the quality of their meat as well take advantage of the growing international market by exporting more meat products. Challenges International Competition Apart from the domestic market Australia also largely export its meat products. The Australian meat faces stiff competition especially from India, Brazil, and the United States as a result of live cattle trade(McConchie, 2016). Additionally, these countries experience a lower cost of operations than Australian. Meat producers in the country can overcome this through value based marketing. High Regulatory Costs in the Supply Chain The Australian meat sector is highly fragmented hence increasing the cost of inspection by the government authorities(McConchie, 2016). This increases the prices of the exported meat in the international market. Lack of cooperation between animal suppliers and meat processors. The lack of transparency in this industry has led to the establishment of tension as well as lack reliability among the meat suppliers and the processors(Natalia, 2017). Fluctuating Meat Prices in the International Markets As a result of stiff competition and global financial crisis, the price of the meat tends to fluctuate sometimes leading to losses(Australian Beef Association Inc, 2014). Conclusion There a lot of opportunities as well challenges facing the Australian meat sector. However, the opportunities supersede the challenges. The Australian meat industry can use the available opportunities to expand its domestic and international operations. This will give the industry to claim and maintain the competitive advantage that it can use to rip the benefits of the market growth in future. With sustainable competitive advantage, the industry will be able to overcome both international competition and fluctuating meat prices. On the other side, the industry can request for the government support to eradicate the challenges of high cost of regulation as well as lack of cooperation between the suppliers and meat processors in the industry. References Australian Beef Association Inc, 2014. A Summary of Financial and Marketing Challenges Faced by Cattle Producers, Mowbray, Launceston: Australian Beef Association Inc. Barbour, L., Locke, S. Fitzgerald, B., 2017. Australian meat industry wins better access to lucrative Chinese market. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2017-03-24/nrn-more-chilled-beef-to-china/8379284 [Accessed 2 September 2017]. Dearin, C., 2015. GCC Markets: Five Big Opportunities for Australian Food Exporters. [Online] Available at: https://dearinassociates.com/gcc-markets-five-big-opportunities-for-australian-food-exporters/ [Accessed 2 September 2017]. Fowler, C., 2016. Australian sheep producers set to benefit from an increased appetite for lamb in 2017. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2016-12-12/next-year-looks-good-for-sheep-producers/8102352 [Accessed 2 September 2017]. Limited, M. . L. A., 2016. Australia's goat meat industry, s.l.: Meat Livestock Australia Limited. McConchie, R., 2016. Red meat sustainability report offers a feast of ideas to tackle challenges. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2016-10-26/report-outlines-challenges-red-meat-processing-industry/7968482[Accessed 2 September 2017]. Meat Livestock Australia Limited, 2016. Australias beef industry, s.l.: Meat Livestock Australia Limited. Meat Livestock Australia Limited, 2016. Australias sheep industry, s.l.: Meat Livestock Australia Limited. Natalia, L., 2017. Future of Australia's meat industry up for discussion. [Online] Available at: https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/future-of-australias-meat-industry-up-for-discussi/3139259/ [Accessed 2 September 2017].

Steinbeck and the Era of the Dust Bowl free essay sample

A paper which shows how John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath and the article Steinbeck, Guthrie and Popular Culture by Elaine S. Apthorp, depict Californias Dust Bowl era. The paper shows how the era of the Dust Bowl was an era of mass migration as thousands moved from the region where drought and other factors had ruined the farmland to California, believed to be the land of milk and honey and opportunity. The paper explores how the Dust Bowl and the mass migration it fostered are well illustrated in the novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, and both the novel and the era it depicts are further illuminated by the article Steinbeck, Guthrie and Popular Culture by Elaine S. Apthorp. The paper further shows how the novel and the article complement one another and contribute to our understanding of the era and of the way Steinbeck shaped that era into an artistic statement in his novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Steinbeck and the Era of the Dust Bowl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The didactic chapters referred to by Apthorp are the interchapters where Steinbeck performs the analytical task of reporting on the state of America during the Depression, the plight of the people, and other information included with a journalistic eye for what is most telling. In these interchapters, Steinbeck seems to step back from the story to examine the larger picture, but in truth, the author never forgets the reality faced by his characters. For instance, the different members of the family have characteristics which add to their problems and which also reflect larger forces at the same time. Grandpa Joad, for instance, is senile, and this symbolizes the vulnerability of the entire family.

Mastering Stress for Optimum Performance essays

Mastering Stress for Optimum Performance essays Mastering Stress for Optimum Performance Stress has been around from the beginning of time and it will be here till the end. Stress and challenges have brought about greats like Martin Luther King, Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X. Eustress is needed in our lives to make this world exciting and fulfilling. On the other hand, distress can be unhealthy and sometimes lethal. The American Association statistics show that 50% of all diseases are preventable, if people could learn to handle the emotional and physical stress in their lives. A century ago, infectious diseases claimed the lives of thousands around the world and this was mainly caused by poor environmental conditions. Today, the leading cause of death in America is chronic diseases and this is primarily based on a persons lifestyle. In this paper I will briefly discuss the history of stress and the different causes of stress. I will also mention several stress management techniques. According to the Websters dictionary, stress is a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. Stress is the tension our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment. The stress that I am referring to is negative stress and it can result in feelings of distrust, rejection, anger, and depression. There is also a positive stress and this type of stress induces us to action and it results in a new awareness or a new perspective. Stress comes in all shapes and sizes. There is the stress of divorce, bereavement, poverty, social isolation, child rearing and a few others. In order to live happy and healthy lives we must all learn to manage our level of stimulation so that our stress stays at an optimum level. (American Institute, 1994) In the 1930s, a biologist named Hans Selye was the first scientist to conduct a complete study of stress and its relationship to diseases. Selyes General Adaptation Syndrome had three sim...

Classical Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classical Literature - Essay Example This is what will be dissertated in the following. Genesis is the first Bible verse of the first chapter in the Book of Genesis, and it contains the first words of the Bible. Two distinct stories of the creation of humanity in particular are given in Genesis, and these are: Genesis 1:27-30 "So God created man in his own image; male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, 'Be fruitful and increase, fill the earth and subdue it, rule over the fish in the sea, the birds of heaven, and every living thing that moves upon the earth'. God also said, 'I give you all plants that bear seed everywhere on the earth, and every tree bearing fruit which yields seed: they shall be yours for food'; and Genesis 2: 7-8 "Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Thus the man became a living creature'. Without question the stories of Genesis are the most significant form of history in this regards, however although some of the events that are described re consiste nt with other historical records, there are many others - particularly those before the time of Saul and David - which cannot be tested for accuracy, and thus are considered by many to have been shaped to reflect certain persons' religious and political goals. "The history includes dramatic accounts of persecution, escape, exile, sacrifice, and global devastation by a great flood. It tells of a creator God who watches over his people, tests his people, and promises them great things if they honor his commandments. As any great story must, the history has its villains and it has heroes." (123). Then there is the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is considered by some as being the oldest written story on Earth, and which "was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cuneiform script. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk (somewhere between 2750 and 2500 BCE)". (79). The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Babylonia, one which includes a series of Sumerian legends and poems about the mythological hero-king Gilgamesh, who was thought to be a ruler of the 3rd millennium BC, and all of these legends and poems were then gathered together into a "longer Akkadian poem long afterward, with the most complete version extant today pressed on twelve clay tablets in the library collection of the 7th century BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal" (101). In regards to the similarities and differences between the stories of Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh, there are many of both, and all of these must be taken into serious consideration. One of the most major similarities between the two is in regards to the fact of how they are both surrounded around their own leaders; Genesis to God and the Epic of Gilgamesh to the King of Uruk. Each basically describes the workings and actions of their supposed leader, and as well tells of the considered creations and works that took place during their own described eras. Another major similarity between the two i

Written Evaluation of the Research Articles Article

Written Evaluation of the Research Articles - Article Example In order to address all listed points, the author uses qualitative research. In the first part of the paper, Waldron implements such research method as literature review for the representation of existed studies regarding the main statement. During the second part of the study, the author uses data analysis and triangulation for showing research results to the readers. Waldron interviews twenty six participants via Skype, phone and e-mail offering carefully elaborated questionnaires. In addition, the author conducts face-to-face interviews with four teachers and analyzes online data through forum posts, digital videos and discussion platforms. The main subjects of descriptive analysis are two online music communities such as the Online Academy of Irish Traditional Music (OAIM) and the Banjo Hangout. The author represents detailed characteristics of both sites. Juxtaposing chosen subjects with each other, it has been found out that despite the fact that they have different ideological approaches of the work, the influence of user-generated content and Web 2.0 on both of them is practically the same. The research provided in the article is relevant and makes sense in the conditions of quickly developing technologies that currently we live in. The author chooses appropriate research methods and offers available for comprehension interpretations of study results so that it is easy to conclude that the statement and the purposes of research have been achieved. The article provides valuable findings asserting that participatory culture and such tools like YouTube do not substitute traditional music learning classes but mostly are used to supplement the study activities (Waldron, 2013). There are examples of teachers testimonials and tips that can be very useful for other tutors. Hence, all interviewed teachers stated that they had to modify their teaching approaches because of digital video usage. Their sharing of experience may

War crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War crimes - Essay Example o justice has been the fact that it provides a mechanism for international prosecutions where crimes committed that are not catered for within the state policy can be looked into, in addition to this, heads of state are not immune to prosecution thus the full potential of justice is achieved (Maweni, 2011). The court is also not affiliate to the United Nations hence it is not a political instrument. With these views in place, the ICC and other tribunals are in a position to ensure that justice prevails (Maweni, 2011). However, despite these successes, the court is faced with some setbacks. The weakness that tribunals and the ICC face is the fact that given the number and range of crimes that are committed against humanity, it is hard for the ICC to decide on which ones to prosecute and which ones to leave (Russell & Elliot, 2002). This is under the trigger mechanisms, which are three ways under the Rome Statute through which cases can be taken to the ICC. A state party forwarding a case to the tribunal is the most contentious issue because state decision may be interfered with sovereignty and power of the concerned parties (Russell & Elliot, 2002). Therefore, justice for war crime victims may not be achieved if a country does not forward its case to the ICC. As per discussions in the meeting, to ensure that international bodies ensure justice in cases of war crimes, it is the responsibility of various states to support its initiative. This is because the courts can only act in areas where they have jurisdiction. Countries such as America do not support it and this and other nations that do not support the tribunal may be impeding the true course of justice that may be provided by an international tribunal and the International Criminal

Six Characters In Search Of An Author Analysis

Six Characters In Search Of An Author Analysis Father explains that as their author unjustly denied them stage-life and its immortality, they bring their drama to the company. The seductive Step-Daughter begins its elaboration: after what took place between her and Father, she cannot remain in society, and she cannot bear to witness her widowed Mothers anguish for her legitimate Son. Confused, the Manager asks for the situation and wonders how a Mother can be a widow if the Father is alive. The Step-Daughter explains that the Mothers lover-her, the Child, and Boys father-died two months ago. Father proper once had a clerk who befriended Mother. Seeing the mute appeal in their eyes, he sent her off with him and took her Son. As soon as the clerk died, the family fell into poverty and, unbeknownst to Father, returned to town. Step-Daughter became a prostitute for Madame Pace. The eternal moment of their drama shows the Step-Daughter surprising Father as her unsuspecting client. Father then gestures to the Son, whose cruel aloofness is the hinge of the action. The Mother will re-enter the house with the outside family. Because the son will make her family feel foreign to the household, the Child will die, the Boy will meet tragedy, and Step- Daughter will flee.The Manager takes interest. He gives the Actors a twenty-minute break and retires with the Characters to his office. After twenty minutes, the stage bell rings. The Step-Daughter emerges from the office with the Child and Boy. She laments the Childs death in the fountain and angrily forces Boy to show his revolver. If she had been in his place, she would have killed Father and Son, not herself. Everyone returns to the stage, and the Manager orders the set prepared for rehearsal. Confused, Father wonders why the Characters themselves should not go before the public. The Manager scoffs that actors act. The Manager suddenly notices that Pace is missing. Father asks the Actresses to hang their hats and mantles on the sets clothes pegs. Lured by the articles of her trade, Pace appears from the rear. The Leading Lady denounces this vulgar trick. Father wonders why the actors are so anxious to destroy the magic of the stage in the name of a commonplace sense of truth. Paces scene with Step-Daughter begins before Father finishes. When the actors urge them to speak more loudly, Step-Daughter replies that they cannot discuss such matters loudly-Father might overhear. Pace comes forward, saying, Yes indeed sir, I no wanta take advantage of her. The actors erupt in laughter. The Manager finds the comic relief of her accent magnificent. Father cautiously greets the young prostitute and gallantly offers her a new hat. Step-Daughter protests that she cannot wear one as she is in mourning. The Manager interrupts, and calls the Leading Man and Lady to play the same scene. Father protests, and Step-Daughter bursts out laughing. The Manager complains that he never could rehearse with the author present. He instructs the Father to continue. When Step-Daughter speaks of her grief, he must reply I understand.' Step-Daughter interrupts: Father actually asked her to remove her frock. She refuses to let them compose a romantic sentimental scene out of her disgrace. Acknowledging that tomorrow the actors will do the first act. The Manager approves and notes that the curtain will then fall. To his annoyance, the Machinist lets the curtain down in earnest.The curtain rises, revealing new scenery: a drop, a few trees, and the portion of a fountain basin. The Step-Daughter tells the exasperated Manager that the entire action cannot take place in the garden. The Manager protests that they cannot change scenes three or four times in an act. The Leading Lady remarks that it makes the illusion easier. Father bristles at the word illusion. Pausing, he approaches the Manager asks if he can tell him who he really is. A character can always pose this question to a man as he is always somebody while a man might be nobody. If man thinks of all his past illusions that now do not even seem to exist, perhaps his present reality is not fated to become an illusion tomorrow. The character is more real as his reality is immutable. The Manager commands Father to stop his philosophizing. He is but imitating the manner of an author he heartily detest The Manager prepares the scene. Step-Daughter leads Child to the fountain. Both at the same time the Manager commands. The Second Lady Lead and Juvenile Lead approach and study Mother and Son. The Son objects that it is impossible to live before a mirror that not only freezes us with the image of ourselves, but throws out likeness back at us with a horrible grimace. He also protests that there was no scene between he and Mother. When Mother went to his room to speak with him, he simply went into the garden. He then saw the drowning Child in the fountain, and the Boy standing stock still like a madman, watching her. A shot rings out from behind the trees where the Boy is hidden. Some cry that the Boy is dead; others that it is only make believe and pretence. Pretence? Reality? the Manager cries in frustration. To hell with it all. Never in my life has such a thing happened to me. Ive lost a whole day over these people, a whole day! ANNE PAOLUCCI ON PIRANDELLOS EXPLORATION OFTHEATER AS A MEDIUM When, in 1923, at the age of 56, Luigi Pirandello won European acclaim with the Pitoà «ff production of Six Characters in Search of an Author (the same play that had been booed and had caused a riot at its premiere in Rome two years earlier), the Italian writer had already published six of his seven novels, several scattered volumes of short stories, and four volumes of poetry. His reputation as a writer of fiction was already established when he turned to drama; and although he never gave up writing novels and short stories (and was to convert many of these into plays in the years that followed), Pirandello had clearly shifted his sights and direction by 1923. For the rest of his life his artistic priorities were to be focused on theater. As a playwright, however, Pirandello soon hit on a new and powerful theme, perhaps the inevitable result of focusing on the barren lives of people living in a barren place, where nature itself is hostile and the individual a victim without reprieve. His earliest plays as well as his novels and short stories examined the effect of such an existence in the most detailed way; but by 1921,with Six Characters, he turned with even greater fascination to exploring personality in its conscious and deliberate effort to come to terms with the environment. We see in Six Characters a new obsession translated powerfully into a stage language itself new and overwhelming. With Six Characters the focus shifts: the core story becomes a distant motif, an echo, a reminder that all experience must pass through the mirror of the self and must be evaluated in terms of that mirror image. The shift can surely be attributed to some extent to the demands of the stage, which-for Pirandello-was the ideal medium for bringing together the illusion of life and the reality of the self. In this play escape also becomes freedom from the predictable connection between intentions and deeds: freedom from stage conventions, dramatic action and resolution, familiar dialogue and internal communications. There is nothing uncertain about this first theater play; it too is a fully mature product, an incredible tour-de-force, an experiment that could not have been foreseen but would never be forgotten. It marks the beginning of the contemporary theater with all its fragmented attitudes, states of mind, contradictory emotions,Hamlet-like irrelevancies; but little of what follows i n other parts of the world will match the totality of the Pirandello experiment. Hamlet-like irrelevancies; but little of what follows in other parts of the world will match the totality of the Pirandello experiment. THE THEATER OF THE THEATER As noted in the Context, Pirandello retrospectively grouped Six Characters in a trilogy of the theater of the theater. These works generate their drama out of the theaters elements-in this case, through the conflict between actors, manager and characters, and the missing author. For Pirandello, the theater is itself theatrical-that is, it is itself implicated in the forms and dynamics of the stage. Beginning with a supposed daytime rehearsal, Six Characters puts the theater and its processes themselves on stage. Put otherwise, the play is an allegory for the theater. Thus it presents characters dubbed the Second Leading Lady and Property Man and it hinges on multiple frames of (self)-reference, staging the staging of a play within the play. Akin to a hall of mirrors, this device, the mise-en- abà ®me, is common to plays that would reflect on the properties of their own medium. Self-referentiality attains heights here. The plays act divisions, for example, mirror those of the Charact ers drama, a number of scenes show the Actors playing the doubles of the audience, and onward. Crucial to this project is a dismantling of the conventions of the well-made play that would render the plays workings visible to the spectator. Six Characters often appears improvisational, sketch-like, what the Manager calls a glorious failure. Note the aborted rehearsal, rejected and incompletely drawn characters, hastily assembled sets, and onward. To anticipate the Fathers confession, one could describe Pirandello as perhaps subject to the Demon of Experiment. THE AUTHOR FUNCTION In the rehearsal of another of Pirandellos plays within this one, the figure of Pirandello immediately appears as the maddening native playwright who plays the fool with everyone. Such fantasies of authorship are intrinsic to the literary work. The author is not only that which the characters search for; but as Pirandello laments in his preface to the play, the spectator as well. What does the author intend? wonders the audience. Though absent, the author haunts the stage. He will not assume body like the characters but become a function or mask that circulates among the players. Though in the preface Pirandello describes authorship through metaphors of divine and even the Immaculate Conception, speaking of miracles, and divine births, such identifications are covered over within the play. There the Father decidedly appears as the authors double. THE CHARACTERS REALITY Throughout the play, the Father insists on the reality of the Characters, a reality that, as the stage notes indicates, inheres in their forms and expressions. The Father offers his most explicit meditation on the Characters reality in Act II. Here he bristles at the Actors use of the word illusion as it relies on its vulgar opposition to reality. He approaches the Manager in a sort of face-off to challenge this opposition, one that underpins his identity. Convinced of his self-identity, the Manager readily responds that he is himself. The Father believes otherwise. While the Characters reality is real, the Actors is not; while the Character is somebody, man is nobody. Man is nobody because he is subject to time: his reality is fleeting, always ready to reveal itself as illusion, whereas the Characters reality remains fixed for eternity. Put otherwise, time enables an opposition between reality and illusion for man. Over time, man comes to identify realities as illusion, whereas the Character exists in the timeless reality of art. Works Sited Pirandello, Luigi, 1867-1936-Criticism and interpretation. I. Bloom, Harold. II. Series. Book Title: Characters and Authors in Luigi Pirandello. Contributors: Ann Hallamore Caesar author. Publisher: Clarendon Press. Place of Publication: Oxford. Publication Year: 1998. www.questia.com//characters-and-authors-in-luigi-pirandello-by-ann-hallamore-caesar.jsp

Andrew Carnegie :: essays research papers

Andrew Carnegie, a very factual and interesting biography, which was written by Alvin F. Harlow, was published in 1953 by Kingston House, Chicago and it contains 178 pages. Mr. Harlow wrote this book because of his love for history and his love of writing and his interest in the history of transportation and communication in America. This led him to write a series of books on biographies for young people. Like all his writings, he makes them factual and filed with humor and satire. Therefore perhaps he wrote these biographies to get young people interested in the great people of America history. As remarked that â€Å"In whatever manner Harlow writes-the dignified, objective attitude necessary to encyclopedias, the factual with touches of humor and satire which make his historical works interesting†¦these are his style and he â€Å"lets the story tell itself†. Andrew Carnegie, who was an extremely astute businessman, founder of a great steel empire, and a very generous philanthropist, was born in Dumferline, Scotland on November 25, 1835. His father William Carnegie was a weaver in his cottage. His mother Mary Morrison was a housewife. Because of the growth of textile mills, William Carnegie found it very difficult to earn money, so he decided at this time his family would emigrate to the U.S., settling in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Andrew Carnegie was forced to work at the age of 13 because his father was earning a small income. Carnegie had no formal education; however, he gained most of his education by observing and experiencing almost everything around him. For instance, Carnegie learned how to use the telegraph by playing around with it when nobody was near. He became so good at working the telegraph, he actually was able to decode the messages by ear. At the sight of this, Thomas A. Scott, his boss promoted him to a clerk and telegraph operator. Later Mr. Scott promoted him to Vice President of the Western Division because of his zeal, honesty, loyalty, and conscientiousness. The promotion was the result of these qualities and Carnegie bringing Mr. Scott’s attention to the sleeping car, a very profitable investment for Pennsylvania Railroad. He began to invest in property where there might be oil with some of the citizens in Homewood, the city to which he had moved. It was very profitable; one deal results in a $40,000 purchase price turning into $3,000,000 two years later.

DBQ essay on Asoka Essay

Asoka was one of the greatest rulers of ancient India. He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya of Magadha who established the first Indian empire. Chandragupta reigned for twenty-four years before relinquishing his throne in favor of his son, Bundusara (Asoka’s father), who left no noticeable mark upon the empire. My thesis would be that Asoka was an enlightened ruler and not a ruthless conqueror. The first reason why I think Asoka was an enlightened ruler and not a ruthless conqueror because in document C it states that â€Å"Asoka gave rich gifts to the poor.† With this being said this means that Asoka was caring to the poor and if he was a ruthless conqueror he would not have cared to do anything of that sort. This document would help answer the question â€Å"Asoka: Ruthless Conqueror or Enlightened Ruler?† because it says that in this document the Asoka had awoken to the Buddhist religion. The second reason why I think Asoka was an enlightened ruler and not a ruthless conqueror because in document E it states that â€Å"Today if a hundredth or a thousandth part of those people who were killed or died or were deported when Kalinga was annexed were to suffer†¦, it would weigh heavily on the mind of the Beloved of the Gods [Asoka].† With this being stated this means that Asoka was very sorry for taking over Kalinga and if it was to happen today he would to be able to forgive himself. This document would help answer the question â€Å"Asoka: Ruthless Conqueror or Enlightened Ruler?† because he is wanting forgiveness from the surviving Kalingans for what he did. My third and final reason why I think Asoka was an enlightened ruler and not a ruthless conqueror because in document F (which is a document of a person’s opinion named Jawaharlal Nehru) it states that â€Å"Asoka though an emperor, was greater than any king or emperors.† With this being said this means that Nehru thought highly of Asoka and was a kind, righteous, and good willing emperor. This document would help answer the question â€Å"Asoka:  Ruthless Conqueror or Enlightened Ruler?† because it shows that people in India thought highly of Emperor Asoka. My conclusion is that Asoka was an enlightened ruler and not a ruthless conqueror because if he was a ruthless conqueror he would not have been thought highly of people in India, he would not have cared to give riches to the poor, and he would not have been the Beloved of the Gods.

Bonnie and Clyde Essays

Bonnie and Clyde Essays Bonnie and Clyde Paper Bonnie and Clyde Paper At first glance Bonnie and Clyde is a story of crime involving two equal parts, but after some examination it is clear that the film is very much a story exclusively about the character of Bonnie. Clyde and other characters act as foils for Bonnie and never fully develop in the same way that she does. Bonnie evolves as the story progresses, and although she is very masculinized, her initial immaturity dissipates with her characters confusion of gender identity. The film opens with an extreme close up of Bonnie putting lipstick on her lips, a very deliberate idea of femininity. However, she is bored and aimlessly wanders around her room naked; she peers outside and sees Clyde attempting to steal her mothers car. She confronts him and ultimately she is convinced to go with him to lead a life of freedom and excitement. Her role as the woman perpetuates her fascination with Clydes reckless masculine quality but the role becomes unnecessary and extraneous after he admits that he is impotent, or not much of a lover boy. She eventually accepts her role as equal companion to Clyde in his endeavors and becomes very satisfied with such. For instance, when trouble starts to brew Clyde warns Bonnie that she aint going to have a minutes peace, to which she simply responds, You promise? Later, in her foreshadowing poem that she reads to Clyde, shes admits to her self that death is the only means by which she will be relieved of the burdens of the life of crime she has chosen. Clyde in turn becomes excited by the poem realizing how their story would become legendary with its printing; his sexual ineptness is evidently cured and all of a sudden he wants to marry Bonny in the next scene. This is the most telling scene of Bonnies transformation back to a character that wants a civilized life; she asks Clyde if he would do anything differently if they could have it all back. Bonnie is noticeably disappointed when he responds superficially and without any regard to a different lifestyle which Bonnie now longs for. Bonnie is also significantly foiled against the films other female character, Bucks wife Blanche. Bonnie is very assertive and lively whereas Blanche is reserved and polite in the scene when they meet each other. Bonnie is quick to grab Clydes gun and pose in front of the car in a very masculine way for the camera. Blanche doesnt want her picture taken at all, and when its done anyway, it is just of her and Buck with their arms around each other. By this point in the film Bonnie is at her peak of masculine quality, she is surprised and disgusted at how reserved and manner-aware Blanche seems to be. When the gang is in the cabin and the police confront them, Bonnie responds as quickly as the three men do fend themselves off from the police officers. Blanche proceeds to only scream and run away from the loud guns and, as they escape, Blanche is practically left behind until she frantically runs after the vehicle; Bonnie is clearly one of the guys, a true part of the gang and Blanche is only an afterthought even to her husband Buck. Additionally, Bonnies character is the only one in the film that is shown as having a family who she wants to be with, with the exception of Buck and Clyde. C. W. Moss foils Bonnie in the sense that his father plays a significant role in the film, but he doesnt go to him until he needs help, and it is in the best interest of the whole gang. Bonnie longs to see her mother, an indication that she may miss her old life; it may have been boring but it was also meaningful and safe. She slowly become dissatisfied with the life she hastily chose when she met Clyde. She does go home to her mother with everyone but only after trying to run away from the gang in order to do so; she has become so dissatisfied with the life that she doesnt even bother to warn Clyde of her departure, not wanting to bring the gang into her family atmosphere. Both C.W. Moss father and Bonnies mother are disapproving of their behavior, but whereas Mrs. Parker reaffirms Bonnies need for something more, old man Moss feelings of Bonnie and Clyde and their way of life only causes C. W. Moss anger and a lack of understanding. Bonnie Parker is slowly transformed from restless female to a gun shooting, money loving, masculinized character. By the end of the film it is too late for her to transform back despite wanting nothing more; she realizes that any life with Clyde would be a nomadic life of crime and must accept her fate as a gangster as she wrote about it in her own poem. Ironically, Bonnie is the only character who both wants out of the life, but also realizes that such an opportunity is an impossibility.

Find MBA Case Studies From Top Business Schools

Find MBA Case Studies From Top Business Schools Many business schools use the case method to teach MBA students how to analyze business problems and develop solutions from a leadership perspective. The case method involves presenting students with case studies, also known as cases, that document a  real-life business situation or imagined business scenario. Cases typically present a problem, issue, or challenge that must be addressed or solved for a business to prosper. For example, a case might present a problem like: ABC Company needs to increase sales substantially over the next several years to attract potential buyers.U-Rent-Stuff wants to expand but is not sure whether they want to own the locations or franchise them.Ralphies BBQ, a two-person company that makes spices for BBQ products, needs to figure out how to increase production from 1,000 bottles a month to 10,000 bottles a month. As a business student. you are asked to read the case, analyze the problems that are presented, evaluate underlying issues, and present solutions that address the problem that was presented. Your analysis should include a realistic solution as well as an explanation as to why this solution is the best fit for the problem and the organizations goal. Your reasoning should be supported with evidence that has been gathered through outside research.  Finally, your analysis should include  specific strategies for accomplishing the solution you have proposed.   Where to Find MBA Case Studies The following business schools publish either abstracts or full MBA case studies online. Some of these case studies are free. Others can be downloaded and purchased for a small fee.   Harvard Business School Cases - Harvard offers thousands of case studies on every business topic imaginable.Darden Business Case Studies - Thousands of MBA case studies from the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia.Stanford Case Studies - A searchable database of MBA case studies from Stanfords Graduate School of Business.Babson College Case Studies - A large collection of business case studies from the Babson faculty.IMD Case Studies - 50 years of case studies from the IMD faculty and research staff. Using Case Studies Familiarizing yourself with  case studies  is a good way to prepare for business school. This will help you familiarize yourself with various components of a case study and allow you to practice putting yourself in the role of a business owner or manager. As you are reading through cases, you should learn how to identify relevant facts and key problems. Be sure to take notes so that you have a list of items and potential solutions that can be researched when you are done reading the case. As you are developing your solutions, make a list of pros and cons for each solution, and above all, make sure the solutions are realistic.

Women Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women Artist - Essay Example The painting contains both contemporary and mythological subjects, as well as intimacy that arose during the reign of Louis XIV. The painting depicts a lavish garden setting with an aristocrat couple enjoying a lush picnic. However, the man is distracted by a shepherdess who is passing by as she gathers flowers of her own. In a flawless setting, Boucher takes the viewer to an imaginary land of love, innocence, and youth naughtiness. Boucher uses fine decorations and Rococo style details to allow viewers experience the beauty and innocence of love. In the painting, the surrounding bushes and trees have richly worked foliage while the woman’s dressing consists of creamy folds that epitomize characteristics of Rococo style (Levey 164). Additionally, these styles are typical of aristocratic paintings depicting their playfulness, intimacy, and lavish holidays. It is clear there is intimacy between the two couple lying on the ground whereby the man is making flowers on the woman’s hair. Unfortunately, this intimacy is interrupted by a shepherdess who is passing by and has taken the man’s attention from his woman. Furthermore, the beautiful landscape gives an insight into perspective because it shows that objects become smaller and sky bluer as the distance increases. Light illuminates in the middle of the picture creating a focus on the subjects, and contrasting with the shadows cast by the trees on the right side of the painting. These add to the overall theme of the painting, which is love and beauty Elegance and detailed decoration throughout the painting are other elements that extend the beauty in the painting. For instance, there is use of pastel colors that bring out the sensuality of the scene and the mythological subjects. Furthermore, the blue shading of the sky in the background is lovely to look at, and this is complimented with a little foreground with enumerated trees that

Research and Client Advisement on Two Careers Proposal - 1

And Client Advisement on Two Careers - Research Proposal Example Unwilling to seek a Master’s degree due to cost and personal obligations, it was necessary for Open Options to satisfy these demands for careers only requiring a four-year Bachelor’s level degree. The role of human resources manager, in most industries, requires only a Bachelor’s in Human Resources in order to receive the average salary of $59,310 (payscale.com, 2011). This was the salary for Lowe’s Home Improvement and was competitive with most other industries both retail and non-retail. Educational demands in the role of human resources manager are related to basic business courses, knowledge of applicable labor laws, marketing, and organizational communication. These are typical four-year degree courses that build a rounded applicant profile for the role of HR management. The client indicated that there was a need for a working environment that required little in terms of physical labor and also one where there was a high reliance on technology in dail y role obligations. This is why Open Options determined that the career of HR manager would be best-suited to the client needs. For example, the HR manager often utilizes the human resource information system (HRIS) with is â€Å"a composite of databases, computer applications, and hardware/software necessary to store, manage, deliver present and manipulate data† (Ngai & Wat, 2006, p.299). The working condition for an HR manager is one where technology is integral to serving low-level business populations and also large-scale corporate or multinational business environments. It is thus suited specifically to accommodate needs as identified through the interview. Skills required for the role of HR manager, it was identified through research, including knowledge of human psychology above and beyond the educational degree.

IT for Investor Relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IT for Investor Relation - Essay Example In the main, high technological utilization is recommended for the company. Founded in 1963 with its headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Comcast Corporation is a media and technology company that in diversity, in the entertainment industry. It functions under Cable Networks, Filmed Entertainment, Cable Communication, Theme Parks and Broadcast Television divisions. Under the brand name XFINITY, the Cable Communication division provides business and residential customers with high-speed internet, on-line advertising, cellular backhaul, voice and video services. Under the names Illumination, Focus Features and Universal pictures, the Filmed Entertainment division engages in the acquisition, production, marketing and distribution of animated and live-action filmed entertainment. The division of Cable networks runs cable networks that provide news, sports, information and entertainment, both regional and international. The Theme Parks division runs island adventures, a dining retail, entertainment complex, studios and theme parks. Finally, the broadcast division controls Telemundo and NBC broadcast networks (Sander, Peter & Scott 143). All the divisions own digital media properties. By 2013, it employed 13,600 full-time employees. By revenue, Comcast is the largest cable and broadcasting corporation. It ranks third in telephone service provision to the people of the United States. . By 2009, the value of the company’s stocks had doubled from $8.19 to $15, with a revenue growth of six folds, $6 billion in 1999 to $36 billion in 2009. In the same period, the company experienced a tripling of return on capital. Its main competitors are Twenty-First Century Fox, The Walt Disney Corporation, CBS Corporation and Time Warner Cable (TWC). However, there is a yet to be approved takeover deal that Comcast signed with TWC in February 2014 (James & Flint, â€Å"Comcast strikes deal†). Competitors have opposed the move,

God Hates Divorce Essay Example for Free

God Hates Divorce Essay When Adam was alone The LORD God said, It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him .Gen.2:18. Under marriage covenant man and woman come together to serve a divine purpose and a role. Man can serve this purpose and role only if they are united and married. The moment they get divorced the unity is destroyed and they fail to serve the divine purpose and role that God wants them to fulfill while they are married and united. God gave a command to the first couple in the Garden of Eden to be fruitful. This command of God only a couple can carry out and the moment they get divorced they fail to carry out this divine command and we have to keep in mind that this command was given to men before their fall and even after the fall men are bound to keep this command. This shows us how important is this command and why God hates divorce so much. The failure to keep the first command affected the whole human race for generation after generations, the failure to keep this second command will also affect the human race generation after generations and even it will cause the mankind to stop be in existence. This is another reason why God hates divorce so much. When men get divorced they forget their first love. Marriage is a love relationship. When man is angry he cannot make a right decision. An angry head cannot evaluate the relationship that was made by a loving heart. Anger makes a man blind and leads him to the bottomless pit and that is divorce. Divorce is the worst hell in this world, the moment anyone falls into it he will be separated from his spouse, children, friends and families and from God. This is the darkest pit that will show no mercy and kindness to its victims. Life will be meaningless and worthless. You will be a creature without hope and future. A lonely man cannot succeed in anything; he is fruitless and useless to God and to society. All the sweet memories turn into bitterness. Then it becomes easier for that person to get into more and more sins as there is no one to show him his fault and give account to for all the wrong doings. Divorce affects our relationship with God, our relationship with one another, our relationship with the children and our relationship with the society. God cannot use a divorce person to reflect His glory and to show His image to His people. That person turns into an instrument of devil. There are so many reasons for all wise and all knowing God to hate divorce. God with His infinite wisdom can see the infinite danger that lies in divorce. Man cannot see the infinite danger that lies in divorce that is why man can take this decision of divorce without much thinking and considerations. God in His infinite wisdom and knowledge gives us the person that will be best suitable for us. We take it granted that suitable means comfortable. Something could be very suitable for us but at the same time it could be very painful and uncomfortable. The spouse you have is always suitable for you because God gave you this spouse. God took this responsibility from the very beginning to give us suitable spouse. The spouse we have is the best teacher for us given by God in our life to teach us something that no one can teach and to make us useful for God and for man. It takes a lot of pain, patience, humility and suffering to learn through our spouses to be more like Jesus Christ and God. Every time my wife gets angry with me or sins against me I ask God what lesson do you have to teach me today. Every time I can see that God has something to teach me through her anger. She does the same thing but I learn so many different lessons, at the beginning I get hurt then I rejoice when I can see what God has to teach me today through her anger. Then I feel very sorry for her because she took so much pain and suffering to teach me a lesson that nobody could teach me. Then I began to thank and praise God for her. We need to see what God wants us to see and to understand what God wants us to understand. God in His sovereignty allows us to go through all the bitter and painful experiences to make us more like Jesus and to draw us nearer to Him and to teach us how God feels when we sin against Him. We need to learn how to bow down to the sovereignty of God and to stop bow down to sin or to give in to sin. God hates the sin of divorce because He does not like separation or division. Divorce is the worst ingratitude towards Gods greatest gift and blessing in our life. The moment we stop giving thanks and praises to God for our spouses we are on the way to be ingratitude for the gift that God by His mercy and kindness gave us. Our Lord Jesus suffered and died on the cross and chose to be separated from God to keep us united with one another and with God. Our Lord Jesus chose to suffer and die to keep us united and one. So we must choose to suffer and die to remain united, one and married for the sake of our God and Lord Jesus Christ.

Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road †The River and the

Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road – The River and the Road One element that separates a good novel from a great novel is its enduring effects on society. A great novel transcends time; it changes and mirrors the consciousness of a civilization. One such novel is Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For the past one hundred and fifteen years, it has remained in print and has been one of the most widely studied texts in high schools and colleges. According to Lionel Trilling, its success is due to Twain’s â€Å"voice of unpretentious truth† (92) embodied in the young narrator Huck Finn who reveals the hypocrisy and moral deprivation of society through his innocent observations. It is a picaresque novel, or novel of the road, where the river acts as the road that carries the characters on continuous adventures. Seventy years after the publication of Huckleberry Finn, Jack Kerouac began to write his picaresque novel entitled On the Road. Like Twain’s Huck Finn, Sal Paradise is Kerouac’s naà ¯ve narrator who captures the essence of life in his depictions of experiences on the road. Both characters are social commentators regarding the conditions of their surroundings; they are public barometers who measure the state of societal values. Even though Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is heralded as one of the greatest American novels, Jack Kerouac’s On the Road embraces a loftier, more mature, religious ideal of life that transcends Twain’s social commentary and will one day place it permanently in the anthologies of American literature. The similarities between Huckleberry Finn and On the Road are numerous and worth consideration because they depict the hand in hand progression (one following the other in ... ...76. Hunt, Tim. Kerouac’s Crooked Road: Development of Fiction. Hamden: Archon Books, 1981. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York Penguin, 1957. ---------, Jack. Selected Letters: Jack Kerouac 1957-1969. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Viking P, 1999. Nicosia, Gerald. Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac. Berkeley: U of California P, 1983. Swartz, Omar. The View from On the Road. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP: 1999. Trilling, Lionel. â€Å"A Certain Formal Aptness.† Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Case Study in Critical Controversy. Eds. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston: Bedford, 1995. 284-85. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Case Study in Critical Controversy. Eds. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston: Bedford, 1995. Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac. New York: Paragon House, 1990.

Introduction to Nanotechnology

1. 0INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to research and discover the development, characterization, and function of nanotechnologies in the globe in the present and future. In this study, we will defined the basis of nanotechnologies in wide spectrum such as the advantages, disadvantages, background, history, future investigation, society, ethic, environment and many more. Furthermore, our group would also like to emphasize on the significant cause and effect of nanotechnologies toward the advancement of human civilization in the recent time and toward the future.In addition, create awareness and wide perspective view toward engaging main issues such as moral ethical in our society. 2. 0BACKGROUND Nanotechnologies have been use in wide field medical, astronomy, environment, industrial and many more. From the way we communicate, to the methods used to diagnose and treat our illnesses, to the speed with which our computers process data, this new technology promises to enhance o ur lives in almost limitless ways. Therefore we would like to discuss some of the main issue and further permeate in the breakthrough of nanotechnology. What is a nanotechnology? In the scale of Nano in the prefix of nomenclature is extremely small, which you cannot see through your naked eyes. Microscope will be needed in order to observe object more clearly. Nanotechnology currently is being used to improve existing products and processes, for an example, by strengthening the material used in golf clubs and bicycle frames, creating stain and water repellant clothing and producing wear-resistant paints and coatings. One developing area in nanotechnology is that of self-assembly, whereby materials will be able to grow themselves.One of my theories that I would like to discuss is about the space innovation. Such innovations will not only increase productivity, but also will create new materials in a process known as â€Å"dynamic self-assembly. † The universe is so big that it blows up our mind to try to image how big it is. Human can somehow find a way to explore the universe by the advancement of nanotechnologies. For an example to shoot a robot to a star then it will eventually manufacturing itself and produce much bigger colonies. After a rapid production in certain stages complete civilization.They will often shoot more of them self to other star and repeating process again and again. In the longer term, however, nanotechnology is likely to result in completely revolutionary toward the society. Promising uses of nano scale particles may include the cleanup of heavily polluted sites, which we will have to consider as well. Nanotechnology is more effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases, lighting that is twice as energy efficient as what is currently available, cleaner manufacturing techniques and much smaller and more powerful computers.Research indicates that nanotechnology even may help create an alternative fuel to power our automobiles. In the sum of all our research and study I would appropriately consider nanotechnologies of in fact the greatest tool toward humanity next stages of revolution. †¢What is the history of nanotechnology? The term â€Å"nanotechnology† was coined in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi (1912-1999) at the University of Tokyo. It includes a number of technologies that deal with the miniaturization of existing technology down to the scale of a nanometer (one-billionth of a meter) in size, about the size of molecules and atoms.Potential effects of nanotechnology include microcomputers capable of storing trillion of bytes of information in the size of a sugar cube; portable fluids containing nanobots that are programmed to destroy cancer cells; and airborne nanobots that are programmed to rebuild the thinning ozone layer and many more. Scientist today have claimed that nanotechnology was in fact humanity greatest advantages as well as humanity greatest treat if without appropria te and further observe in its major consequences in life and either we will be consume by our own failure toward the disaster that it can cause to us. Facts about nanotechnologies? As we all know our body consist billion of cell and it is systematically and orderly organized that congregate it specific function. Inside our cell it comprises of billion of atom which consists of major element such as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen that appropriately linked together will itself and form specific function and feature. The advancement of nanotechnologies can systematically combine fuse billion compound, atom and element to distinctively form a new cell which about our concern is against the law of nature and moral ethic.This is due to the fact that we can create a life into the world is forbidden and prohibited in many societies around the world. In some fact I would like to discuss, about the discovery about science. Scientist today has claim that we no longer live in one universe but mill ions of verse which coexist in the ocean of verses and there’s may be have some planetary civilization that we wouldn’t might known.There are many extraordinary and fascinating fact about science including bend through light forming an invisible matter; dimensional world that coexist; in certain fact which claimed that the world we’re living is like a matrix which we are just like a hologram that wouldn’t exist at all and in fact there are mysterious forces keep pulling us for what we believing; small teleport machine which can teleport in atom size particle and maybe a human in few decade to come. There is many potential and credibility toward the advancement of nanotechnologies development.In some fact that I would like to consider is about human enhancement. Nanotechnologies in human enhancement have use to improve human ability such as physical and mental. In some fact that this method have been use in some development country toward the future born g eneration to trigger the potential of human ability which exited beyond try fold. We will further penetrate and discuss more deeply toward this issue in my relevant discussion. Would human enhancement technologies hinder moral development?Many believe that â€Å"soul-making† is impossible without struggle (Hick, 1966), and achievements ring hollow without sacrifice or effort (President’s Council on Bioethics, 2003); so if technology makes life and competitions easier, then we may lose opportunities to feed and grow our moral character. Nanotechnology was in fact use toward some method to enhance human ability. Nowadays humanity can create powerful drug which enhance human performance. We can discover in the sport area which drug have been used such as steroid to increase athletic performance.Beyond the future we might been able to create indeed more powerful drug which provide human massive of strength. Beyond the future, we might be able to prolog our life for 10 year , 100years or maybe 1000 years. As we know that brain is the primary source which control our aging as certain hormone are secreted. The method behind this is nanotechnology is so small that it can flow through our vein and it can be transfer to the human brain to alter our brain chemical processes which control our aging. †¢What is the futurist predict about the future in nanotechnologies?In the future, as technology becomes more integrated with our bodies, we can expect neural implants of the kind we mentioned above that effectively puts computer chips into our brains or allows devices to be plugged directly into our heads, giving us always on access to information as well as unprecedented information processing powers. New and future virtual reality programs are able to much better simulate activities, for instance, to train law enforcement officers and soldiers in dangerous situations so that they can respond better to similar events in the real world.The advancement of nan otechnologies have enhance human beyond it limitation. One of the main concerns causes the earth to be populated. Also in one of the possibilities is the exploitation and abuse toward this technology. People such as a villain, criminal and hacker will approximately use this for the purpose such as to manipulate people. Other than that what I want to discuses is one of the greatest treat toward the society.One of the biggest concerns toward our society is to have greater awareness about this matter or else humanity which living peacefully today can be destroyed by our own creation. 3. 0CONCLUSION As is the case with most emerging areas of risk, nanotechnology challenges us with many unknowns. These challenges are further complicated by the fact that few risk related prediction have been made scientifically confirmed. If they are not currently exploring its potential, they are likely to do so in the very near future.Because insurers play such a critical part in enabling new and benefi cial technologies, it is crucial in development in many sectors such as manufacturers, the government, scientists and regulatory agencies to identify and quantify nanotechnology's risks. Public response to this new technology, as well as the politician, elitist, and scientist response will afford upon how much accurate information is available. Therefore we as a responsible person must unite and aware toward this greatest issue which effect globally, in order to construct better future for generation to come.

It’s raining – Creative Writing

It's raining. It hasn't rained this hard since the day she left me, the day she told me how she'd sold her ring. It took three months wages to buy that ring, three whole months and she just sold it to a complete stranger, told me she didn't love me anymore. She'll be leaving work soon, on her way home. Eleven-thirty, same time she does every night, only tonight is different. Tonight she won't be getting home. This is the last night those men will look at her. He's going to sort that out for me. He'll have to leave soon too; otherwise he'll miss her, but maybe that would be better. This could be the only chance to free me, I can't go on, when every move I make depends on her, I can't let her control my life anymore I need to break free. The world outside is looking even less inviting, full moon. Its overcast the stars are blurred. Well not just the stars, everything is blurred. Something's not right. This old leather armchair, and the bottom of my brandy bottle grows more comfortable still, the rains angry drops are hammering against the window pane, I don't think I can stare out the window any longer, this is eating me from inside, what was I thinking, I have to stop him, before it's too late, before I lose her completely. I'm going to go now, got my coat now I just need to step into the bitter cold New York winter. I haven't even shut the door properly, there isn't time. He'll be leaving now too, his wild scraggly hair will be blowing around in the wind his hands to tired to move it out the way, and I can picture him in my mind, only my vision of him is misty, over the years I have found myself losing touch. Still, he knows what he's doing, he's ready. He'll have no shame; I'll be the one who has to pick up the pieces. She smiles at me when I think of her, she told me she saved that smile for me, liar. I went to surprise her at work, on her birthday last week. Bought her flowers and everything, then I saw it. She smiled at them the same way; she had that twinkle in her eye for every man in that bar. That's when I saw him first, through the window of that place. We looked at each other for just a split second, but that was enough to know. She'd hurt him to. The rains pouring down harder still, even me thick trench coat can't stop it pounding down so hard on me. It's not pounding as much as my heart though, my hearts pounding like thunder, like a trapped animal, there's a storm raging inside me, I cant lose her. My feet are getting heavier after every step I take, I can feel a cold sweat rushing all over my body, my hands are gripped so tightly with fear, I can't run any faster. It's such a busy place, so full of people all the time, so full of life. Still I feel alone, empty without her. My heart beats faster still, I keep seeing him, first in front of me then behind, he's going to hurt her. How can it have come to this, why did she have to leave me, things were so perfect. I can see him properly no, there's no mistaking it he's just across the road. Weaving in and out of the yellow taxis I think I'm getting closer to him. I'm passing so many trees, the more I pass the less I can work out there shape, i'm losing all definition. Everything seems a blur. The smoky exhausts of the double-parked cars have made the air heavy. Yet even with all the traffic I still feel distant, this place that's been home for so long suddenly seems a whole new world to me. This is what I imagine it to be without her, lost forever in a world I'll never be able to clasp, she grounds me, helps me through life, well she is my life. The noise of the city is beginning to fade away as my path leads me away from the busy streets, he's here. I keep seeing him but then he's gone, maybe my mind is playing tricks on me. Between my footsteps and my loss of breath my mind is beginning to wonder, back to the day I first met her, when she wouldn't even notice me whatever I did, I think she changed when she met me, I don't know , but I can imagine. I think something changed in her after I met him too, it was as if she knew I knew about him. My heart shunted when I saw her, I froze for a second, her blonde hair blew gently in the wind, the full moon was shining through the branches of central park, casting eerie shadows on the path she was walking. She held her umbrella with one hand, while attempting to light a cigarette with the other, her black stiletto heels tapped steadily along the bridge. There he is, lying in wait. Now's my chance. She just looked right at him, I can see it in his eyes, she knew him, and she knows what he's going to do. He flicked out the knife that had been gripped in his hand so tightly all this way, he can see me in its reflection, he's smiling. She's dropped her cigarette onto the floor and is running, he's running after her, and I after him. Her heels are sinking into the wet ground, he's catching her, but I'm catching him. As he wrapped his tired hands around her neck I began to struggle with him, I begged him to stop, and so did she. Her body grew heavy with the dread of what was to come. The knife fell to the ground, I had control, I'd beaten him. I released her from my grip, brushed back my scraggly hair, grabbed her hand, tried to feel for a pulse. There wasn't one. Then I looked at her hand, it glistened at me, like her eyes used to, her ring she still had it on. Maybe she did still love me. I cried for her to come back to me, the end came anyway. Then I felt it, the ice-cold air flowing over me, around me and through me, she was dead, he had killed her, I had killed her.

Fundamentals of Contract Law †Question and Answer

Fundamentals of Contract Law – Question and Answer Free Online Research Papers Fundamentals of Contract Law Question and Answer 1. Contract Law is the fundamental business legal subject. Not only is it obviously relevant to sales and purchase contracts but it also underlies employment contracts. The contract law sections explain the basics of what makes up a contract. The first two sections, Agreement and offer, and Acceptance, deal with the formation the making of contracts. Most people think that a contract must be a signed document. Although many business contracts take the form of a signed document, many do not. How many orders for goods and services are made by telephone or fax? When is the contract made? When the order is placed? When the goods arrive? When ordering goods or services on your own standard form contract is the contract made on your terms? What if your supplier accepts your order on their standard form contract? Now on whose terms is the contract made? 2. The certainty of terms? section deals with issues such as what is meant by ordering goods ?n the usual terms? From a regular supplier. What have you agreed with your supplier? Are there regular terms? Are there different terms depending on what the goods are? 3. The sections on Consideration and Variation of contracts are important and related features of English contract law. In most business contracts there is no difficulty in identifying? B>consideration? However, what if you want to vary the terms of the original contract? This you can only do if you enter into a new contract which varies the terms of the original contract. In this case very often ?b>consideration? is missing from the new agreement. If this is the case you will be bound by the original contract. E.g. If you order 400 kettles from a supplier and then discover that you only need 200 can you cancel? 200 kettles? Even if your supplier agrees can he later change his mind and make you take the whole 400? 4. The Privity of contract section is an area of law that has very recently been altered. This area of law deals with the type of situation where you buy a holiday from a travel company for you and your family. If the holiday does wrong? You can sue the travel company but can the members of your family sue the travel company? Another example. Assume that your company (Im assuming that your company is an incorporated company and therefore a legal person in its own right) enters into a contract with another company. Say that under one of the terms of that contract the other company agrees to pay some money to ?our?company and some money direct to you in your own personal capacity. What happens if the other company then refuses to pay you? Can you sue the other company? 5. This section deals with the terms of the contract in general. What do we mean by terms? of the contract? How important are they? Are they all of equal importance? Can you break some terms but not others? Are the penalties for breaking some terms less onerous than others? 6. The sections on Exemption clauses the common law, and the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, deal with the terms of the contract that limit or exclude liability for breach of contract. If the other party breaks a term of the contract can he escape liability because the contract contains a term which excludes his liability for that particular breach? 7. If a person sells you a second hand car and tells you that he has owned it from new and it later turns out that its been owned by 10 people what are your remedies? Has that persons statement be made a part of the contract ie was it a term of the contract? If it wasnt a term have you a remedy? 8. Does every breach of contract entitle the innocent party to treat the contract as at an end if he so chooses? What is the effect of penalty clauses? Part two: Agreement and offer Objective: When you have worked through this section you should be able to Appreciate the importance of the concept of agreement. Appreciate the importance of the intention of the parties. Distinguish between an invitation to treat and an offer. Suggested study time 4 hours Preliminary matters: The law of contract is the most important law subject you will ever study. It underpins all commercial law subjects and is even important to subjects such as criminal law. Definition of a Contract A contract is an agreement (usually between two persons) giving rise to obligations on the part of both persons which are enforced or recognised by law. Warning!! Since, for the most part, the law of contract is a common law subject do not take any definition you are given as the only definition. Treat the definitions as working definitions to help you analyse contract cases etc. NB The persons mentioned above are usually referred to as parties to the contract. NB Generally speaking, an agreement is made when one person accepts an offer made by the other. NB The offeror makes an offer to the offeree. Agreement: Time and time again you will be brought back to the fact that the fundamental basis of contract law is the agreement of the contracting parties. The thing that distinguishes the law of contract from other branches of law is that it does not lay down a number of rights and duties which the law will enforce. In other words the law of contract does not lay down a list of things that are legal or illegal, or things that must or must not be included in a contract. The law of contract consists of a number of limiting principles, subject to which the parties may create rights and duties for themselves which the law will uphold. The parties to a contract, in a sense, make the law for themselves: so long as they do not infringe some legal prohibition, they can make what rules they like in respect of the subject-matter of their agreement, and the law will give effect to their decisions. Eg If June says to Fred that he can buy her pen for 200 and he agrees there will be a legally enforceable contract between June and Fred. The fact that Fred may have been foolish in agreeing to buy a pen that is only worth? Is irrelevant the parties to the contract have agreed to the price of 200. Whereas it is generally true that agreement is reached when one person accepts the offer of the other person in other words there is an actual agreement between the two persons this is subject to whats known as the rule in Smith v Hughes. The rules in Smith v.Highes: The law is also concerned with the objective appearance of the agreement, as well as the actual fact, of agreement. Eg If Freda makes an offer to John and John says that he accepts the offer, but secretly he doesnt intend to accept the offer, there is in fact not an agreement. However, to an outside person there would appear to be an agreement. In other words objectively there appears to be an agreement between Freda and John. In such a case the court would say that there was an agreement between Freda and John. Apply the principle in the quote below, sometimes known as The Rule in Smith v Hughes, to the problem weve just looked at in the example above. Smith v Hughes (1871) Blackburn J: ?.. If, whatever a mans real intention may be, he so conducts himself that a reasonable man would believe that he was assenting to the terms proposed by the other party, and that other party upon that belief enters into the contract with him, the man thus conducting himself would be equally bound as if he had intended to agree to the other partys terms? /p> Offer-definition: Definition of an offer An offer is a proposition put by one person to another person made with the intention that it shall become legally binding as soon as the other person accepts it. An offer may be made to an individual, or a group of persons, or to the world at large: see Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co(1893). The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company published an advertisement which read ‘ £100 reward will be paid by the Carbolic Smoke Ball Company to any person who contracts the influenza after having used the ball three times daily for two weeks according to the printed directions supplied with each ball.’  £1,000 is deposited with the Alliance Bank, showing our sincerity in the matter.’ Mrs Carlill used the smoke ball as directed but still caught the flu. She sued for the  £100. Bowen LJ: It was also said that the contract is made with all the world- that is, with everybody; and that you cannot contract with everybody. It is not a contract made with all the world. There is the fallacy of the argument. It is an offer made to all the world; and why should not an offer be made to all the world which is to ripen into a contract with anybody who comes forward and performs the condition? It is an offer to become liable to any one who, before it is retracted, performs the condition, and, although the offer is made to the world, the contract is made with that limited portion of the public who come forward and perform the condition on the faith of the advertisement. Offer or Invitation to treat: It can be very difficult to distinguish between an offer and an invitation to treat. Basically it depends primarily on the intention with which a statement is made. Definition of an invitation to treat An invitation to treat is said to be a statement made by one person asking the other to make the first person an offer. An invitation to treat is sometimes described as an offer to make an offer. This is not a very helpful way of describing an invitation to treat. If a proposition is made by one person with the intention that if the other party accepts that proposition there will then be a contract between them, then that proposition is an offer. If a proposition is made by one person with the intention that if the other party accepts that proposition there will not be a contract between them at that stage, then that proposition is an invitation to treat. Examples of invitation to treat: In the examples of invitations to treat that follow, consider carefully what proposition or factual situation made the court decide that it was an invitation to treat and not an offer. Carefully identify the particular elements of the facts of the cases that persuaded the courts that what was intended by one of the parties was an invitation to treat and not an offer. Goods on display in supermarket Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists Ltd (1953) Certain brand name medicines were displayed for sale in a self service store. The issue arose as to when and where the sale of the medicines took place. Was it when a customer put the medicines in her shopping basket or was it when she presented the goods to the cashier? The reason this was an important issue was because the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933 s.18(1) provided that it was unlawful to sell such medicines unless the sale is effected by, or under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist.? If the sale took place when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket the sale would not take place under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist?because no pharmacist was present at that time. If, on the other hand, the sale took place when the customer presented the goods to the cashier the sale would take place under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist?because a pharmacist was present at the checkout desk. Q When did the sale take place?(b) The sale took place when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket. The sale took place when the customer presented the goods to the cashier Goods on display in window shop: Fisher v Bell (1960) A shopkeeper was convicted of offering for sale a flick knife contrary to the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 s.1(1); he had displayed the knife in his shop window. The shopkeeper appealed. Q What happened to him on appeal? (b) The shopkeeper was convicted of offering a flick knife for sale The shopkeeper was acquitted of offering a flick knife for sale. An advertisement can be an offer: An advertisement can sometimes be an offer BUT THIS IS VERY EXCEPTIONAL. Remember the thing that determines whether a statement is an offer or an invitation to treat is the intention of the party who makes the statement: our definition of an offer was an offer is a proposition put by one person to another person made with the intention that it shall become legally binding as soon as it is accepted by the other person.?So if a proposition, say an advertisement, is made with the intention that if acted upon the person making the advertisement will consider themself legally bound then the advertisement will be an offer and not an invitation to treat. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (above) the court held that in the particular unusual circumstances of the case that the Carbolic Smoke Ball Co had intended their advertisement to be an offer. Tender: A tender is an offer in response to an invitation to tender put out by a company. Generally a company who invites tenders is only making an invitation to treat and is not bound to accept any of the tenders. Example of tenders: Spencer v Harding (1870) Harding sent out a circular which stated we are instructed to offer to the wholesale trade for sale by tender the stock in trade of Messrs. G. Eilbeck Co. amounting as per stock-book to ?503 13s 1d, and which will be sold at a discount in one lot. Payment to be made in cash. The stock may be viewed on the premises, up to Thursday, the 20th instant, on which day, at 12 o?lock at noon precisely, the tenders will be received and opened at our offices.?Spencer claimed that the circular was an offer which he had accepted by submitting the highest tender. Q Hardings circular amounted to (b) A) A valid offer which Spencer had correctly accepted b) Nothing more than an invitation to treat and was, therefore, incapable of being accepted by Spencer. Failure to consider a tender: Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council (1990) Blackpool Borough Council sent an invitation to tender to operate pleasure flights from Blackpool airport to the Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd (the club) and six other parties. The invitation to tender said that the Council do not bind themselves to accept all or any part of any tender. No tender which is received after the last date and time specified shall be admitted for consideration.?The club posted its tender in the town hall letterbox at about 1100 hrs on Thursday 17 March; this was an hour before the advertised deadline expired. The councils staff failed to empty the letterbox at 1200 hrs and as a result the tender was marked late and not considered by the council. The council then accepted the highest tender which was from Red Rose Helicopters. Later the council established that the clubs tender had been received in time and so they decided to declare the successful tender invalid and to reissue the invitation to tender. However, Red Rose Helicopters contended that its t ender had been accepted and that the council was contractually bound to proceed on that basis. The council decided to honour Red Rose Helicopters?tender. The club bought an action for damages against the council for breach of contract. The club argued that the council had warranted that if a tender was received in good time the council would consider it and that the council, having failed to consider its tender, was in breach of contract. Q Click on the appropriate number (a) Although Blackpool Borough Councils invitation to tender amounted to no more that an invitation to treat they were contractually bound to consider Blackpool and Fylde Aero Clubs tender.. Following Spencer v Harding Blackpool Borough Council was not contractually bound to consider Blackpool and Fylde Aero Clubs tender. Conclusions: You should now be able to Appreciate the importance of the concept of agreement. Appreciate the importance of the intention of the parties. Distinguish between an invitation to treat and an offer. If you have not mastered the above points you should review this section again. Training: Q. Which of the following is NOT an invitation to treat? A. An advertisement which states 1000 will be paid to anyone who fails to loose 4kg after using our Slimaid for 4 weeks as per the instructions printed on the box.0000 is lodged with our solicitors to show out confidence in the product. A display of goods in a shop window marked special Offer? Goods offered for sale in a newspaper. An application form for hire purchase. 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